Conceptual design of a bioregenerative life support system containing crops and silkworms

This article summarizes a conceptual design of a bioregenerative life support system for permanent lunar base or planetary exploration. The system consists of seven compartments – higher plants cultivation, animal rearing, human habitation, water recovery, waste treatment, atmosphere management, and storages. Fifteen kinds of crops, such as wheat, rice, soybean, lettuce, and mulberry, were selected as main life support contributors to provide the crew with air, water, and vegetable food. Silkworms fed by crop leaves were designated to produce partial animal nutrition for the crew. Various physical-chemical and biological methods were combined to reclaim wastewater and solid waste. Condensate collected from atmosphere was recycled into potable water through granular activated carbon adsorption, iodine sterilization, and trace element supplementation. All grey water was also purified though multifiltration and ultraviolet sterilization. Plant residue, human excrement, silkworm feces, etc. were decomposed into inorganic substances which were finally absorbed by higher plants. Some meat, ingredients, as well as nitrogen fertilizer were prestored and resupplied periodically. Meanwhile, the same amount and chemical composition of organic waste was dumped to maintain the steady state of the system. A nutritional balanced diet was developed by means of the linear programming method. It could provide 2721 kcal of energy, 375.5 g of carbohydrate, 99.47 g of protein, and 91.19 g of fat per capita per day. Silkworm powder covered 12.54% of total animal protein intakes. The balance of material flows between compartments was described by the system of stoichiometric equations. Basic life support requirements for crews including oxygen, food, potable and hygiene water summed up to 29.68 kg per capita per day. The coefficient of system material closure reached 99.40%.     

体育场挑蓬风荷载模拟实验研究

能容纳五万多观众的浙江省黄龙体育中心主体育场，在观众席上建有能遮挡风雨的挑蓬，挑蓬之大达座席覆盖率９０％以上，总面积２１０００ｍ２。挑蓬被支撑在外环梁和由斜拉索吊拉的内环梁上。大跨度梁结构受力问题，是建筑结构业一个十分复杂的问题，而杭州地区的地理位置处于我国的台风区，更显出风荷载影响的严重性。因此需对体育场置于大气边界层风洞中进行风荷载模拟实验，以取得合理的挑蓬体型系数，为结构设计的合理性和可靠性提供重要依据。最终可以节省建筑物的造价。     

Solar activity variations of ionosonde measurements and modeling results

The time series of hourly electron density profiles N(h) obtained at several mid-latitude stations in Europe have been used to obtain N(h) profiles on a monthly basis and to extract both the expected bottomside parameters and a proxy of the ionospheric variability as functions of time and height. With these data we present advances on a “Local Model” technique for the parameters B0 and B1, its applicability to other ionospheric stations, to other bottomside ionospheric parameters, and to modeling the time/height variability of the profile. The Local Model (LM) is an empirical model based on the experimental results of the solar activity dependence of the daily and seasonal behavior of the above parameters. The LM improves the IRI-2001 prediction of the B0 and B1 by factor of two at mid-latitudes. Moreover, the LM can be used to simulate other ionospheric parameters and to build mean N(h) profiles and the deviations from them. The modeling of both the average N(h) profiles and their deviations is an useful tool for ionospheric model users who want to know both the expected patterns and their deviations.     

基于一致性预处理技术的作业车间调度算法研究

为降低CSP调度算法的计算复杂度和减少搜索过程中回溯发生概率,采用一致性预处理技术来预先修剪和过滤搜索空间。仿真实验证明:两种方法的综合运用可以显著提高CSP调度算法的搜索效率,从而为CSP调度算法求解大规模作业车间调度问题提供可能。     

套齿连接转子简化建模及动力特性分析

在进行转子和整机计算时建立套齿结构接触模型会增加计算量，降低计算效率，直接将套齿结构省略又无法体现其刚 度特性变化对转子动力特性的影响。针对该问题，基于航空发动机单圆柱面套齿连接的结构和力学特征，建立了考虑构件间界面 接触状态的力学特征分析模型，提出了考虑套齿结构刚度随参数变化的简化建模方法，并与套齿接触模型进行了对比分析。建立 了单圆柱面套齿连接结构转子简化模型，开展了相应的转子动力特性试验，对比分析了拧紧力矩对转子模态频率的影响。结果表 明：转子简化模型与试验模型最大计算误差小于5%，证明套齿结构简化建模方法具有较高的可靠性和准确性，可为工程实践中高 效开展含套齿结构转子及整机动力学准确计算分析提供方法与参考。     

基于正弦基础激励的航天器结构模型修正方法

正弦振动试验是航天器系统级和单机产品需要开展的常规试验,充分利用工程中积累的正弦试验数据进行结构模型修正具有重要的工程意义。文章首先介绍了基础激励下结构模型修正方法,通过矩阵分块、待修正参数归一化、参与修正的频率点选择等步骤,推导出基于基础激励的模型修正公式;然后对国际通用算例GARTEUR桁架结构的有限元模型进行修正,分析修正后模型在修正频段内和修正频段外计算所得模态频率,验证修正后模型对模态频率的复现和预示能力,通过对比试验模型、分析模型和修正后模型中4个典型节点的响应曲线,检验修正后模型精度。结果表明:修正后模型的模态频率和响应曲线均与试验模型趋于一致,证实了该修正方法对GARTEUR结构修正的有效性。     

基于CFD/CSD耦合的叶轮机叶片失速颤振计算

为了研究叶轮机叶片的失速颤振特性,发展了一种计算流体力学与计算结构力学(CFD/CSD)时域耦合方法。该方法通过每一物理时刻CFD和CSD的循环迭代实现了耦合计算。在CFD分析中,采用鲁棒性较好的空间离散格式AUSM+-UP,并基于延迟脱体涡模型(DDES)模拟了带分离流动。在结构分析中,通过模态法构建了旋转叶片动力学方程并运用杂交多步方法进行求解。以孤立转子Rotor37为例,计算了不同工况下流场总体与细节参数,与实验结果的对比验证了CFD算法的精度。对某转子叶片进行了颤振特性研究,计算所得的广义位移时间响应曲线表明该叶片在近失速工况下会发生失速颤振,其表现形式为一阶弯曲模态发散且各阶模态之间不耦合。分析表明,流场不稳定和非定常效应是引起失速颤振的关键因素,同时折合频率的降低也会导致原本气动弹性稳定的叶片发生失速颤振。     

波音777飞机ACARS系统及马航MH370航班失联事件分析

马来西亚航空公司MH370客机失联事件一度引发媒体与公众的诸多猜测,猜测的焦点之一就是执飞的波音777飞机的飞机通信寻址与报告系统(Aircraft Communication Addressing and Reporting System,简称ACARS)功能是如何被关闭的。从专业角度出发,首先采用Sys ML建模的方式描述了波音777飞机ACARS系统的详细架构和人机接口,并据此深入分析了马航MH370航班失联事件中ACARS被关闭的情景。最后,提出了此次事件暴露出的现代民用飞机设计中存在的问题以及改进方法。     

直升机旋翼与机体耦合的空中与地面共振稳定性分析

直升机旋翼气动机械稳定性的一个重要方面是空中与地面稳定性问题。本文从旋翼桨叶的结构型式、气动模型和分析方法几个方面对直升机空中与地面稳定性研究进行了回顾与展望。在简单分析方法的基础上 ,也对更精确的分析方法进行探讨